Humanity’s planet-shaping powers — and what they mean for the future
by Achim Steiner【TED-speaker】
この動画で使われた英単語
headquarters
名詞：本部、本社
sculpture
名詞：彫刻物
knotted
形容詞：結び目がついた、困難な
the knotted gun
固有名詞：ニューヨークにある彫刻「非暴力を示す」
symbolize
動詞：シンボル化する、象徴する
ash
名詞：灰、遺骨
the ashes of war
戦争の灰、戦争の残った影響
struggle
自動詞：もがいて戦う、努力する
rage
自動詞：〈あらし・戦争・病気・熱情などが〉荒れ狂う，猛威をふるう
That’s what～
それが、まさに～なことです。
brew
〈暴風雨などが〉起ころうとしている
dominant
形容詞：支配的な、優勢な
metrics
指標、基準、測定法、尺度
according to so many metrics
たくさんのデータ（指標）によると
wealthy
形容詞：裕福な、富裕な
founder
創設者、設立者
the founders of the united nations
国際連合の設立者たち
knowingly
〔犯行などについて〕知りながら故意に
shape
他動詞：～の形をつくる
Anthropocene
人新世（アントロポセン）
＊人類が地球の地質や生態系に重大な影響を与える発端を起点として提案された、完新世（Holocene, ホロシーン）に続く想定上の地質時代
geological
形容詞：地質学上の
literally
副詞：文字どおりに、誇張なしに
alter
他動詞：作り変える
biosphere
名詞：生物圏
the atmosphere and the biosphere
大気圏と生物圏
proliferation
名詞：拡散 ＊主に核兵器の「拡散」で使われる
nuclear proliferation
核兵器の拡散
eradicate
他動詞：（マイナスなこと）を撲滅する、根絶する
smallpox
名詞：天然痘
brink
名詞：がけっぷち、ぎりぎり寸前
rational
形容詞：正気の、気の確かな、合理的な
inequality
名詞：平等ではない
the same 名詞A as 名詞B
AとBは同じ
subsidies
国家の補助（金）
fossil fuel subsidies
化石燃料補助金
prolong
他動詞：延長させる
spend 時間（金） on～
時間（金）を～へ費やす
vein
名詞：脈、静脈
artery
名詞：脈、動脈
the economy’s veins
経済の脈
paradigm
名詞：パラダイム、典型的な模範、枠組み
economic paradigm
経済のパラダイム《一時代の支配的考え方を規定している科学的認識体系または方法論》
sustainable
形容詞：持続可能な
人 add up 数字
人が～を合計する
these numbers don’t add up
数字が合わない
rupturing
他動詞：～を破裂させる
rupturing inequalities
不平等を破裂させている
tangible
実体的な、有形の、確実な
deadly
致命的な、死のような
epic
大作、叙事詩（歴史的事件などをある程度の長さを持って記述する形の韻文）
pandemic
〈伝染病が〉世界的に広がる
an epic pandemic
is set to～
～に設定されている
COVID-19
2019に起きたコロナウイルス (coronavirus disease 2019)
flaw
きず、欠点、弱点、欠陥
trade-offs
トレードオフ（何かを得ると、別の何かを失う、相容れない関係のこと）
midst
真ん中、最中
in the midst of tragedy
悲劇の真っただ中
a glimpse of～
～をちらりと見ること、一見すること
plummet
〈人気・物価などが〉急落する
air pollution plummeted
大気汚染がなくなった
名詞 in need
必要としている名詞
in record time
記録的な速さで
a green economy
グリーン経済(「環境に優しい経済」のこと。持続可能な開発・発展を実現する経済のあり方をいう。)
controversy
(意見の相違の大きい問題などの長期にわたる、 特に書きものなどによる)論争
colossal
巨大な
dam
ダム
paramedic
〔米国の〕救急医療隊員
protester
抗議する人、異議を申し立てる人
momentum
勢い、推進力
petrol
ガソリン
gasolineと同じ。
wage
〈戦争・闘争を〉遂行する，維持する，行なう.
名詞：(肉体労働による時間・日・週決めの)賃金
halfway mark
目標の中間地点
majesty
陛下
measure progress
プログレス（前進・成長）の状況を測定する
gross
Gross National Happiness Commission
国民総幸福量(ブータンだけが使っている政府の指標)
convict
有罪と宣告する
with conviction and courage
信念（有罪判決）と勇気を持って
ultimately
最終的に
unprecedented
前例のない
Persian
ペルシャの、ペルシャ人の
embroider
刺しゅうする
beneath
前置詞：～の下
diplomat
外交官
limb
(人・動物の胴体・頭部と区別して)肢、突き出た部分
the generation before us
私たちより前の世代（古い世代）
self-interest
自己利益
asunder
副詞：(二つ以上のものが)離れ離れに
スクリプト訳
世界平和が目的である国際連合の本部（ニューヨーク）にある、彫刻「the knotted gun」が象徴しているもの
00:13
I work at the united nations.
00:15
and for the past couple of years,
i have served as the head of the uen’s development program.
00:20
when i first walked into the headquarters in new york city many years ago,
the first thing i noticed was a sculpture standing outside under the flags of the nations of the world.
00:32
it’s called the knotted gun and it still stands there today
00:36
To me, that sculpture symbolizes exactly what the u.n was created to do 75 years ago
00:42
to build peace out of the ashes of war
00:45
war that had been defined for so much of human history as the struggle of nations against nations
or the kind still raging in countries like syria and yemen that the united nations works to end every day
00:58
that’s what i imagined that not a gun to represent
今、別の種類の戦争が起ころうとしている
01:03
but now another kind of war is brewing
01:07
one that increasingly defines the 21st century where the dominant risk to our own survival is ourselves.
a few years or even months ago,
if i had suggested that we’re all at war with ourselves, it may have felt strange
01:24
especially when ,according to so many metrics, humans are on average healthier wealthier and more educated than at any time in history.
01:33
we have more knowledge more science more choices today than the founders of the united nations
01:38
could have ever imagined
01:41
but somewhere along the way we lost our balance
01:45
in fact think about this scientists are considering whether for the very first time in human history
01:51
instead of the planet shaping humans
01:54
humans are knowingly shaping the planet
01:57
it’s called the Anthropocene
Anthropoceneの時代がやってきた
02:00
and it represents a new geological era
02:04
today humans literally have
the power to alter the atmosphere and the biosphere in which we live
the power to destroy and the power to repair
02:12
no species has ever had that kind of power before
02:17
with it we humans have achieved incredible things together
02:20
from closing a giant hole in the ozone layer
to preventing nuclear proliferation
to eradicating smallpox
02:25
but we have also taken the earth
02:30
and all the people on it to the brink
崖っぷちの私たち
02:34
it’s not neither rational nor fair what we’re doing
02:37
today one third of all the food produced on the planet goes to waste
while one in 10 people go hungry
02:45
inequality has become extreme
02:49
26 people own the same wealth as half of humanity
02:53
based on recent data, today seven million people die from air pollution each year
02:58
while about seven million trees the very things that keep our air clean are cut down every few hours
03:05
we spend over 10 times more on fossil fuel subsidies alone
than we do on all investments in renewable power prolonging our carbon habit
like a drug running through the economy’s veins
03:16
you don’t have to be an economist like me
to know that these numbers just don’t add up that our economic paradigm is neither sustainable nor equitable
新しい兵器として考えよう
03:26
climate change, rupturing inequalities record numbers of people forced from their homes by conflict and crisis for all of our power
03:34
these are the weapons we have built
03:39
less tangible than a gun
03:41
but just as real
03:42
just as deadly
add an epic pandemic
03:46
and this year for the first time in 20 years
03:48
global extreme poverty
03:51
is projected to rise and global human development,
03:54
a measure of the world’s education health and living standards
03:58
is set to decline for the first time
04:00
since the measure began
04:02
30 years ago COVID-19 has not changed the future yet
04:07
but it has revealed these deep flaws in our present
04:11
bringing clarity to the fact that ending this war against ourselves
04:14
is not about trade-offs
04:18
it’s not about choosing
between people or trees
between poverty or progress
04:24
it’s about choosing to do things differently
コロナの悲しみの中で、希望を垣間見る
04:28
in the midst of tragedy
04:30
the pandemic has also given us a glimpse of what peace could look like
04:34
where we can see the snow cap of a mountain for the first time
because the smog has cleared
04:39
that’s what happened in nairobi
04:41
my home of many years, and one of the cities where air pollution plummeted
04:45
as human activities slowed down
04:48
where it takes 10 days and not 10 years
04:51
for a government to get support to those in need
04:54
that’s what happened in togo
04:57
which set up a digital system in record time
04:59
to get cash to people unemployed or unable to work
05:02
because of COVID-19 lockdowns
the idea of a green economy that is fair and just
05:08
where people and planet live in balance
05:11
is not new
05:13
but this moment is
and if i have learned one thing since starting out as a young economist years ago
05:21
whether i was working with patan elders to improve the lives of farmers in pakistan
05:26
or navigating the controversies of building colossal dams
05:29
it’s that systems don’t change systems
05:33
people change systems and whether you’re a prime minister, a paramedic or a protester on the street
05:39
you can choose to change this one.
the people who are choosing to build forward better from COVID-19
勢いを成長させよう
05:47
build on growing momentum
05:50
the momentum of people coming onto the streets in protest
from beirut to bogota,
quito to cairo
or new york to new delhi
05:58
against racism and discrimination, climate change, the price of petrol or the cost of a train ticket
06:04
all united in a deep and rising frustration
06:08
with this war we have been waging against ourselves
06:13
this moment builds on the choices of leaders i met as i traveled with the united nations before lockdown
06:20
leaders who choose to do things differently costa rica
06:23
made a choice to abolish its army and
06:26
redirect military spending to education, health and the environment
06:29
today they pay people to protect the trees and as a result forests have regenerated
06:35
and now cover over half of the country
06:38
or consider denmark
06:39
it has chosen to produce all of its electricity from renewable sources by 2050
06:44
and has already passed the halfway mark
06:46
one of many countries moving in this direction
06:50
thirty years ago, powering our economy with renewable energy was science fiction
06:56
ten years ago it was considered too expensive
07:00
today renewable energy costs less and creates more jobs than fossil fuels in many parts of the world
07:07
and offers the potential to put power quite literally back with the people
私は変化を感じている
07:12
i saw this in kenya
07:13
two youth football teams playing their final match in the mathari settlement at night
07:18
who kept the game going thanks to solar-powered led lights
i saw this change
07:24
these better choices with his majesty the king of bhutan just turned 40 years old who chooses to measure progress based on gross national happiness
07:35
not gross domestic product
07:39
and i saw it on a rooftop
07:40
in khartoum with the young people who led the revolution in sudan in 2019
07:45
young women and men who came out onto the streets with everything to lose who spoke up for political change with conviction and courage
07:54
and who ultimately changed the course of their country
07:58
these are the people the first generation of the anthropocene
08:03
who are writing the next chapter for people and planet
08:06
in this unprecedented moment
08:09
and with each choice they make
08:12
with each choice we all make
「the knotted gun」を実現させるために
08:14
the future we want gets closer just like the knotted gun
08:19
there is another piece of art at the united nations that i think about a poem by a great persian poet sardi
08:28
the poem is embroidered on a giant carpet that hangs on the wall inside the u.n building
08:33
beneath which diplomats and staff from all nations work together every day towards that future we want
08:40
saudi wrote that all the people on the planet are like different parts of the same body
08:46
different but united as if limbs of each other
08:53
it was that idea that led the generation before us to come together in the wake of war
08:57
to create the united nations 75 years ago
09:01
the idea that though we are different we must choose to be united
09:05
but now it’s our turn
09:09
our challenge is to come together to preserve our collective self-interest and humanity rather than tearing ourselves asunder
09:18
people and planet in balance
09:21
building lasting sustainable peace
09:25
thank you
TED speaker 【Achim Steiner】
Achim Steiner is a global leader in sustainable development and international cooperation.