New Treasure(2023年カリキュラム、シラバス)
随時追加、編集中
STAGE 1
『NEW TREASURE』Stage1 シラバス・カリキュラム
STAGE 2
『NEW TREASURE』Stage2 シラバス・カリキュラム
Lesson 11（不定詞の発展：it for to、svo to、疑問詞+to、too to、原形不定詞let helpなど）
Lesson 12（間接疑問、付加疑問、仮定法の基礎）
① I know who that man is. 私は あの男の人がだれか 知っています。
② Do you know where she lives ? あなたは彼女がどこに住んでいるか知っていますか。
③ I want to know when he will come. 私は 彼がいつ来るか 知りたい。
④ Please tell me how old you are. あなたが何歳か 私に教えてください。
⑤ I wonder who came here. だれがここへ来たの かしら。
STAGE 3
多くの学校では、中３の秋（９月）からこのテキストに入る。
『NEW TREASURE』Stage3 シラバス・カリキュラム
Lesson 1（過去完了、過去完了進行形、大過去、未来完了）
過去完了
「過去のある時点」に焦点を置いて、その時までの動作・状態をその時点に結びつけて述べる場合、過去完了を用いる。
＊過去完了と大過去との違い：現在完了と過去形の違いと同じで、その時点に結びつけているか否か。
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
When I arrived at my sister’s house, she had already gone to work.
My sister had had several part-time jobs before she became a teacher.
She had lived in Nara for three years before she entered university.
I had never been to Nara until we went to visit her.
過去完了進行形
過去のある時点より前に始まり、その時点まで継続していた動作、またはその直前に終わった動作を表す。
＊過去完了進行形では,動作動詞（動作を表す動詞）を用い、状態動詞（know,likeなど）は過去完了進行形にしない。
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
We had been waiting at the airport for an hour before the airplane left.
I hadn’t been relaxing on the flight because it was a rough flight.
大過去
あるできごとが別の過去のできごとよりも前に起こったことを表す場合、過去完了を用いる。
＊過去完了と大過去との違い：現在完了と過去形の違いと同じで、その時点に結びつけているか否か。
＊過去完了を使わない場合afterやbefore などの接続詞が文中で用いられている場合や、文脈から時の前後関係が明らかな場合には、過去完了は使わず、どちらの動詞も過去形にすることが多い。
例 The art gallery bought the work, but didn’t display it.
★時制の一致による過去完了とは
従節の動詞が主節の動詞の時制より前のことを表す場合、主節の動詞が過去形になると、従節の動詞は過去完了になる。
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
At the exhibition, I saw a painting that a famous artist had painted.
The painting was bigger than I had expected.
Many people thought that the painter had won the award.
未来完了
未来のある時点を基準にして、現在からその時点までの動作や状態の’完了・結果、経験、継続’を表すには未来完了を用いる。
＊未来完了とともによく使われる”時’や’条件’を表す副詞節の中では,未来のことでも動詞の現在形を使うことにも注意。
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
More than ten thousand visitors will have seen the exhibition by next year.
If I go to the art gallery again next week, I will have seen the painting twice.
Lesson 1 read
Lesson 1 critical thinking
Lesson 3（it of to、不定詞の否定形、不定詞＋前置詞、自動詞＋不定詞（seem toなど）、使役動詞、知覚動詞、不定詞の受動態、不定詞の進行形、完了不定詞）
it of to
⇒it of toは、of 人のところを主語にして書き換え可能。
⇒it for toは、it と to が対応しているので、to不定詞を主語に書き換え可能。
It is easy for Tom to solve the problem.
⇒To solve the problem is easy for Tom.
It is clever of Tom to solve the problem.
⇒Tom is clever to solve the problem.
good, kind, nice(親切な)
polite(礼儀正しい)
rude(失礼な)
clever, wise(賢明な)
foolish, silly, stupid(愚かな)
careless(不注意な)
selfish(わがままな)
brave(勇敢な)
honest(正直な)
★《日本語訳トレーニング》it of to ～
You were brave to save the drowning child.
It was stupid of you to run at full speed in a marathon.
It is polite of him to take off his hat to greet you.
We don’t need any help, but it is very kind of you to offer.
It is kind of Julia to invite me to dinner.
It was rude of him to ignore you.
How wise it was of you to take notes during his speech!
It was stupid of you to spend that money on such an old bike.
It was silly of me to buy it without even looking at the price.
解答表示
マラソンで全速力で走ったのは愚かだった。
帽子を取って挨拶するのは礼儀正しい。
私たちに助けは必要ありませんが、申し出てくださるのはとても親切です。
私を夕食に招待してくれたのはジュリアの親切だ。
あなたを無視したのは失礼だった。
スピーチ中にメモを取ったのは賢明だ！
あんな古いバイクにお金をかけたのは愚かだった。
値段さえ見ずに買ったのは愚かだった。
不定詞の否定形
I have decided not to waste money.
★副詞的用法の不定詞の否定形
目的を表す場合（～しないように）は、単にnot to～とはせず、明確にしてin order not to～か、so as not to～を使う。
＊in order toは文頭に置かれることがあるが、so as toは文頭に置かれることは通例ない。
Meg studied hard in order not to fail the math test.
目的を表す場合でも例外的に、take care not to～やbe careful not to～の形がある。
A bad cold is going around. Take care not to catch it.
★形容詞的用法の不定詞の否定形は、理論上可能。しかし、名詞が否定形になっていることが多い。
I have no time to play with my little sisters now.
I had nothing to give him when I met him yesterday.
★《日本語訳トレーニング》不定詞の否定形
John decided not to believe the bad rumor.
Wear something warm in order not to catch a cold.
Mari ran to the bus stop in order not to miss the bus.
He took a taxi so as not to be late for the meeting.
You must be careful not to break the dishes.
We repeated the words many times so as not to forget them.
形容詞的用法の不定詞＋前置詞
①修飾される名詞が、不定詞の意味上の主語になる場合
例 I need someone to help me with these tasks.
②修飾される名詞が、不定詞の意味上の目的語になる場合
例 She’s looking for a book to read for her essay.
③不定詞が名詞の内容を説明する場合
例 I believe in Ken’s ability to win the award in the speech contest.
④修飾される名詞が、不定詞の前置詞の目的語になっている場合
例 We looked for a bench to sit on.
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
Would you give me something hot to drink?
We walked along the river and looked for a bench to sit on.
Can you lend me something to write with?
自動詞＋不定詞：get to、come to
toのあとには思考・感情を表す状態動詞(believe,know,like, love, think, understandなど)がくる。
＊get to と come toの違い：come to のほうが口語的。
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
Michael came to realize the importance of teamwork.
He got to know the members of the team very well.
自動詞＋不定詞：seem to～（≒appear to～）
S seem to～
S は～のように見える（主観的意見）；～らしい（客観的事実）
＊主語Sではなく、話し手の主観的意見や客観的判断を述べる
seem to～
⇒主観的意見＆客観的事実
appear to～
⇒客観的事実
S seem to V～
⇒It seems that S V～
Mr. Jones seems to know everyone at the school.
⇒It seems that Mr. Jones knows everyone at the school.
★《日本語訳トレーニング》seem to
You seem to dislike this comedian, but I like him.
The children appear to know the answer to the riddle.
It seems that the problem is beyond my knowledge. / The problem seems to be beyond my knowledge.
Your mother seems to be tired.
The new teacher appears to be very nice.
It appears that the class has begun. / The class appears to have begun.
John is a very smart student. He somehow seems to know how around problems.
使役動詞
使役動詞とは：相手にある動作・状態を起こさせることを表す。
★《日本語訳トレーニング》
Mr. Jones made his sons wash the car.
The book made the students think about the earth.
Please let me know her name.
The cook let the boy taste the soup.
Mary’s father didn’t let her play video games.
I had the waitress bring a glass of water.
My mother had me clean my sister’s room.
I will get her to drive me to the store.
I got my teacher to check my essay.
Nobody (No one) could make him work harder.
Please let me know when you will arrive.
I’ll let you know when I get more information.
知覚動詞
see
watch(じっと見る)
look at
hear
listen to
feel（感じる）
notice（気づく）
知覚動詞+O(目的語)+原形不定詞の形
⇒〜が⋯するのを見る(聞く) ＊動作の始めから終わりまで見る（聞く）
We saw Jack shut the door behind him.
I saw a dog swim across the river.
知覚動詞+O+現在分詞の形
⇒〜が⋯しているのを見る(聞く) ＊進行中の動作の最中を見たり（聞く）
I felt the cold wind coming through my sweater.
I saw a dog swimming across the river.
知覚動詞+O+過去分詞の形
⇒〜が⋯されるのを見る(聞く)
I saw Chris scolded by Mr.Brown.
★《日本語訳トレーニング》知覚動詞
I saw my neighbors come out of the restaurant.
Did you see the man arrested?
We saw Tom talking happily with his friends.
I didn’t hear my name called.
I like to hear the music played on the piano.
They heard someone laughing in a loud voice.
Have you ever heard her play the drums? She’s good!
Did you hear someone singing loudly last night?
I listened to you and Mari singing a song.
I listened to my daughter talk about her school life.
The dog didn’t notice the cat steal his food.
I felt something moving around me.
It was a stormy day, I felt the waves hit the boat.
Look at him running in the park.
They watched the sun rising over the hill.
Judy was watching the painter painting (drawing) a picture.
The children watched a lot of cars pass by their house every day.